Recently, I realized my face routine has started working significantly better. It got me wondering what the chemistry was behind each product. Today, I’ll be exploring toner, which is meant to balance the pH on the skin after cleansing.
You’ve probably heard the term exfoliating before, but what does it actually do? It’s advised to exfoliate the skin once or twice per week as it removes dead skin cells. But how is this good for our skin? By removing the outer layer we’ve created a new surface for skincare products to penetrate properly. In addition, this process removes buildup, unclogs pores, and reduces dull appearance.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
Alpha hydroxy acids are water-soluble, meaning they can only work on the surface of the skin.
Figure 1: Alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) essentially loosen the bonds between the stratum disjunctum (outer-layer of the skin), encouraging cells to shed.
AHAs are water-soluble which draws moisture into the skin. This process allows dead cells to detach.
With the stratum disjunctum removed, this signals the body to increase cell turnover and regenerate new cells. These new cells lead to an overall look of improved texture, tone, and brightness. This process is crucial when getting rid of hyperpigmentation.
Glycolic Acid
The most popular form of AHAs in skincare is glycolic acid. Glycolic acid is effective due to its small molecular weight having the ability to penetrate the skin deeper.
Lastly, glycolic acid stimulates the fibroblast. It is responsible for producing collagen. This results in improved skin elasticity and reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
References:
“Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA): Types, Benefits, and How to Use.” Www.medicalnewstoday.com, 20 Apr. 2021, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/alpha-hydroxy-acid#how-they-work.
Science with Carly 
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